Join UAF Extension agent Heidi Rader as she explores growing garlic – a common savory ingredient – in Alaska.

Growing Garlic in Alaska: Tips and Techniques for a Successful Harvest

Garlic cultivation has gained popularity in Alaska, with enthusiasts across the state, from Sitka to Galena, embracing this versatile and flavorful crop. The reasons for growing garlic in Alaska are manifold, including the opportunity to explore different varieties, capitalize on its health benefits, and incorporate it into a wide array of savory dishes. In this article, we will delve into the world of growing garlic, focusing on the best practices and techniques for successful cultivation in Alaska.

Types of Garlic Suitable for Alaskan Conditions

Garlic can be broadly classified into two main types: hardneck and softneck, each offering distinctive characteristics and growing requirements. In the Alaskan climate, hardneck varieties, particularly Rocambole and Porcelain, tend to perform exceptionally well. Popular hardneck varieties like Siberian and Music have also found favor among Alaskan gardeners. While there is limited research specific to garlic cultivation in Alaska, this presents an exciting opportunity for experimentation and exploration of different varieties.

Planting Garlic in Alaska

For optimal results, garlic should be planted within one to two weeks after the first killing frost in the fall. This timing allows for root development without shoot emergence. While planting garlic in the spring is technically possible, it often yields smaller bulbs that do not form separate cloves. When selecting a planting site, aim for light, fluffy soil that provides adequate drainage. Before planting, it is advisable to fertilize the soil in the fall and again in the spring to ensure sufficient nutrient availability.

To begin the planting process, gently break apart the head of garlic into individual cloves, being careful to keep the protective wrappers intact. Plant the cloves with the pointy end facing upward, as this promotes optimal growth. Dig holes approximately three to four inches deep and space the cloves at least three inches apart in rows separated by about six inches. Placing a layer of mulch, such as straw, leaves, or seaweed, at least four inches thick, will help insulate the garlic from the cold. However, if you can rely on a consistent snow cover, the mulching requirement may be reduced. In the spring, remove the mulch as soon as the snow melts and provide another round of fertilizer to support the garlic's growth.

Cultivation Tips and Techniques

Garlic is not a strong competitor against weeds, so it is crucial to keep weed growth under control throughout the growing season. Regular weeding and mulching can help suppress weed growth and ensure that garlic receives adequate nutrients and water. When the scapes, the curly flower stalks that emerge from the garlic plants, start to form, it is advisable to remove them. Scapes are not only a delectable culinary addition but also contribute to larger bulb development. By cutting the scapes, you allow the plant to direct its energy toward bulb formation, resulting in more substantial and flavorful garlic heads.

Harvesting and Curing Garlic

Determining the right time to harvest garlic is key to achieving optimal flavor and storage quality. As a general guideline, harvest garlic when approximately 60% of the leaves have turned yellow in the fall. However, to ensure readiness, it is recommended to dig up a couple of heads and check if their skins have fully developed. Once you are confident that the garlic is ready for harvest, proceed with bundling the garlic heads and hanging them in a well-ventilated area for a minimum of two weeks. This curing process allows the garlic to dry and develop its signature flavor. After the garlic has cured, store it in a cool, dry place where it can be enjoyed throughout the year.

FAQs

1. Can I grow garlic in Alaska's cold climate? Yes, garlic can be successfully grown in Alaska. Selecting appropriate varieties, planting at the right time, and providing adequate soil preparation and care are essential for a successful harvest.
2. How do I choose the best garlic varieties for Alaska? Hardneck varieties, such as Rocambole and Porcelain, are recommended for Alaskan conditions. Popular varieties like Siberian and Music have also shown good performance.
3. Can I plant garlic in the spring instead of the fall? While it is technically possible to plant garlic in the spring, the resulting bulbs may be smaller and lack separated cloves. Fall planting is generally preferred for better garlic development.
4. How do I control weeds in my garlic patch? Regular weeding and mulching with materials like straw, leaves, or seaweed can help suppress weed growth and ensure optimal growth conditions for garlic.
5. When is the best time to harvest garlic in Alaska? Garlic is typically ready for harvest when approximately 60% of the leaves have turned yellow in the fall. However, it is advisable to check a few heads to ensure proper skin development.

In conclusion, growing garlic in Alaska offers a rewarding experience for gardeners, with the opportunity to explore different varieties, enjoy its health benefits, and enhance the flavor of various culinary creations. By following the recommended techniques for planting, cultivation, and harvesting, you can maximize your garlic harvest and savor its deliciousness throughout the year. Embrace the unique challenges and joys of garlic cultivation in the Alaskan climate, and let your garden flourish with this versatile and delectable crop.

Video source: UAFExtension / Youtube